US President Joe Biden has stepped up public pressure on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government, warning he’s “hurting Israel” and speaking candidly about “come to Jesus” conversations with the leader over the growing humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

Despite Biden’s increased displays of frustration, Israeli officials and Middle East analysts say no signs are emerging that Biden can push Israel, at least in the short term, to fundamentally alter how it’s prosecuting the conflict that is entering a new dangerous phase.

“He has a right to defend Israel, a right to continue to pursue Hamas,” Biden said of Netanyahu in an MSNBC interview. “But he must, he must, he must pay more attention to the innocent lives being lost as a consequence of the actions taken. He’s hurting ... in my view, he’s hurting Israel more than helping Israel.”

The president had hoped to have an extended ceasefire in place by the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, which is set to begin on Monday. Biden administration officials see reaching a deal for a temporary truce in exchange for the release of dozens of hostages as a crucial step toward finding an eventual permanent end to the conflict.

But with no deal emerging, Biden acknowledged last week he has become more concerned about the prospect of violence in east Jerusalem. Clashes have erupted during Ramadan in recent years between Palestinians and Israeli security forces around Jerusalem’s Old City, home to major religious sites sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims and the emotional epicentre of the Middle East conflict.

Biden this weekend warned Netanyahu that an attack on Rafah — where hundreds of thousands of displaced Gazans have congregated — would be a “red line” and that Israel “cannot have 30,000 more Palestinians dead”. At the same time, he said his commitment to Israel’s defence is sacrosanct. About 31,000 Palestinians have been killed in the conflict, according to the Hamas-run Gazan health ministry.

The president’s blunt comments came after he was caught on a hot mic following his State of Union address on Thursday telling a Democratic ally that he’s told Netanyahu they will have a “come to Jesus” talk about the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

Supplies being parachuted into the northern Gaza Strip. Photo / AP

The US this month began airdrops and announced it will establish a temporary pier to get much-needed aid into Gaza via sea. UN officials have warned at least one quarter of Gaza’s 2.3 million people are one step away from famine. The extraordinary measures to get aid into Gaza have come as Israel has resisted US calls to allow more in via land routes.

And in a move that irritated Netanyahu, US Vice-President Kamala Harris last week hosted a member of Israel’s wartime Cabinet, Benny Gantz, who came to Washington in defiance of the prime minister. US officials said Harris and other senior advisers to Biden were blunt with Gantz about their concerns about an expected Rafah operation.

Netanyahu on Sunday pushed back against Biden’s latest comments.

“Well, I don’t know exactly what the president meant, but if he meant ... that I’m pursuing private policies against the majority, the wish of the majority of Israelis, and that this is hurting the interests of Israel, then he’s wrong on both counts,” Netanyahu said in a clip of an interview with Politico, released by the prime minister’s office on Sunday.

Biden’s increased criticism of the prime minister’s handling of the war has been an intentional effort to signal to Netanyahu the US president is running out of patience with the mounting death toll and lack of aid flowing into Gaza, according to a US official familiar with the president’s thinking. The official was not authorised to comment publicly and requested anonymity.

Elsewhere in Israel, the reaction to Biden’s public venting of frustration was mixed.

Israeli opposition leader Yair Lapid said he wasn’t surprised by Biden’s remarks. Lapid on Sunday accused Netanyahu of pandering to his base and said the prime minister had narrow political interests in mind, like placating the far-right members of his Cabinet.

The US “lost faith in Netanyahu and it’s not surprising. Half of his Cabinet has lost faith in him, as have the majority of Israel’s citizens”, Lapid, who briefly served as prime minister in 2022, told Israeli Army Radio. “Netanyahu must go.”

Israeli Foreign Minister Israel Katz downplayed Biden’s comments, saying the US backed Israel’s war aims and that was what mattered. “We must distinguish rhetoric from the essence,” he told Israeli Army Radio.

Eytan Gilboa, an expert on US-Israel relations and professor at Israel’s Bar-Ilan University, said Biden’s decision to scale up aid to Gaza and warn Israel about an incursion into Rafah undermined support for Israel’s aims of dismantling Hamas’ military and governing capabilities and freeing the hostages. He said it relieved Hamas of pressure to agree to a temporary ceasefire deal.

He said Biden’s harsher comments of late came out of a frustration with Netanyahu over his reluctance to accept the US vision of a post-war Gaza. Biden has called for Middle East stakeholders to reinvigorate efforts to find a two-state solution, one in which Israel would co-exist with an independent Palestinian state once the current war ends.

Netanyahu, however, has consistently opposed establishing a Palestinian state throughout his political career.

Gilboa said Biden’s remarks were made with an eye on his re-election and were aimed at appeasing progressive Democrats. The president is facing growing pressure from the left wing of his party to use the United States’ considerable leverage as Israel’s chief patron to force Netanyahu toward a permanent ceasefire.

More than 100,000 Michigan Democrats cast “uncommitted” ballots in the state’s primary last month, part of a co-ordinated effort in the battleground state intended to show Biden he could lose much-needed support over frustration with his administration’s approach to the Israel-Hamas war.

“Netanyahu earned that criticism, but on the other hand, when [Biden] criticises Netanyahu personally, he thinks he improves his standing among progressives,” Gilboa said.

Gilboa said even if a different government were running Israel, such as a one headed by a more moderate figure like Gantz, Biden would still find a leadership intent on entering Rafah and defeating Hamas.

“They wouldn’t do things significantly different,” he said. “Is there anyone of sound mind here who is willing to leave Hamas in Gaza? That won’t happen.”

Biden administration officials pushed back against the idea the president has become more outspoken in his criticism of Netanyahu with an eye on his 2024 prospects.

It’s not lost on Biden that Israelis across the political spectrum remain as hawkish as Netanyahu about eliminating Hamas. Still, Biden believes that by speaking out more forcefully, he can sway the Israelis to do more to reduce the death toll and alleviate suffering of innocent Palestinians as Israel carries out its operations, according to the US official.

Biden, who last traveled to Israel soon after Hamas launched its October 7 attack on Israel, said in the MSNBC interview he was open to travelling to Israel again to speak directly to the Knesset.

Privately, Biden has expressed a desire to aides to make another trip to Israel to try to circumvent Netanyahu and take his message directly to the people. One possibility discussed internally for a presidential trip is if a temporary ceasefire agreement is reached, Biden could use the moment to press the case directly to Israelis for humanitarian assistance in Gaza and begin outlining a path toward a permanent end to the fighting, officials said.