As British MPs cried out "Disgraceful!", the Conservative government introduced the long-awaited bill to start the country's exit from the European Union and gave the House of Commons less than two weeks to consider it.

David Davis, the Cabinet secretary in charge of Brexit, unveiled the legislation on Thursday just two days after a Supreme Court ruling that torpedoed the government's effort to avoid a parliamentary vote on starting the process of leaving the 28-nation bloc.

The Commons will begin debate on the bill on January 31 and it is set to go to the House of Lords on February 8.

Prime Minister Theresa May is rushing to meet a self-imposed deadline of March 31 for triggering Article 50 of the EU treaty, which will launch two years of talks on Britain's future relationship with the bloc after more than 40 years of membership. Voters approved Britain's EU exit in a June 23 referendum.

"I trust that Parliament, which backed the referendum by six-to-one, will respect the decision taken by the British people and pass the legislation quickly," Davis said.

The text of the measure was brief. It stated that the prime minister "may notify, under Article 50 (2) of the Treaty on European Union, the United Kingdom's intention to withdraw from the EU".

Some MPs, mindful that the government had fought for months to keep them from scrutinising the measure, were furious that they would get such a short time to consider what is possibly the most influential government move in generations.

One pro-EU lawmaker, Chris Leslie, said the House was getting far less time "to debate the legislation that takes us out of the EU than we did previous European treaties".

MPs heckled House of Commons Leader David Lidington as he announced the timetable, which allows for just three days of committee debate - which is when members of Parliament from all parties will make attempts to amend the legislation.